Linux Commands
Introduction
This is the most complete guide on Linux Command Line.
Bash Builtins
GNU Coreutils
[
[ command
Syntax:
Example:
$ [
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arch
arch command print machine hardware name (same as uname)
Syntax:
arch [OPTION]...
Example:
$ arch
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b2sum
b2sum command compute and check BLAKE2 message digest
Syntax:
b2sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ b2sum
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base32
base32 command base32 encode/decode data and print to standard output
Syntax:
base32 [OPTION]... [FILE]
Example:
$ base32
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base64
base64 command base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output
Syntax:
base64 [OPTION]... [FILE]
Example:
$ base64
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basename
basename command strip directory and suffix from filenames s .h include/stdio.h a any/str1 any/str2
Syntax:
basename NAME [SUFFIX]
basename OPTION... NAME...
Example:
$ basename
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cat
cat command concatenate files and print on the standard output
Syntax:
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ cat
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chcon
chcon command change file security context
Syntax:
chcon [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
chcon [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
chcon [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Example:
$ chcon
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chgrp
chgrp command change group ownership
Syntax:
chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
chgrp [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Example:
$ chgrp
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chmod
chmod command change file mode bits
Syntax:
chmod [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
chmod [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
chmod [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Example:
$ chmod
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chown
chown command change file owner and group
Syntax:
chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
chown [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Example:
$ chown
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chroot
chroot command run command or interactive shell with special root directory
Syntax:
chroot [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
chroot OPTION
Example:
$ chroot
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cksum
cksum command checksum and count the bytes in a file
Syntax:
cksum [FILE]...
cksum [OPTION]
Example:
$ cksum
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comm
comm command compare two sorted files line by line
Syntax:
comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Example:
$ comm
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cp
cp command copy files and directories
Syntax:
cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Example:
$ cp
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csplit
csplit command split a file into sections determined by context lines
Syntax:
csplit [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Example:
$ csplit
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cut
cut command remove sections from each line of files
Syntax:
cut OPTION... [FILE]...
Example:
$ cut
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date
date command print or set the system date and time
Syntax:
date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Example:
$ date
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dd
dd command convert and copy a file
Syntax:
dd [OPERAND]...
dd OPTION
Example:
$ dd
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df
df command report file system disk space usage
Syntax:
df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ df
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dir
dir command list directory contents
Syntax:
dir [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ dir
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dircolors
dircolors command color setup for ls
Syntax:
dircolors [OPTION]... [FILE]
Example:
$ dircolors
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dirname
dirname command strip last component from file name
Syntax:
dirname [OPTION] NAME...
Example:
$ dirname
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du
du command estimate file space usage
Syntax:
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Example:
$ du
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echo
echo command display a line of text
Syntax:
echo [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
echo LONG-OPTION
Example:
$ echo
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env
env command run a program in a modified environment ] [NAME=VALUE]… [COMMAND [ARG]…] i, implies S perl w
Syntax:
env [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Example:
$ env
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expand
expand command convert tabs to spaces
Syntax:
expand [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ expand
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expr
expr command evaluate expressions
Syntax:
expr EXPRESSION
expr OPTION
Example:
$ expr
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factor
factor command factor numbers
Syntax:
factor [NUMBER]...
factor OPTION
Example:
$ factor
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false
false command do nothing, unsuccessfully
Syntax:
false [ignored command line arguments]
false OPTION
Example:
$ false
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fmt
fmt command simple optimal text formatter
Syntax:
fmt [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ fmt
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fold
fold command wrap each input line to fit in specified width
Syntax:
fold [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ fold
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groups
groups command print the groups a user is in
Syntax:
groups [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Example:
$ groups
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head
head command output the first part of files
Syntax:
head [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ head
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hostid
hostid command print the numeric identifier for the current host
Syntax:
hostid [OPTION]
Example:
$ hostid
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id
id command print real and effective user and group IDs
Syntax:
id [OPTION]... [USER]
Example:
$ id
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install
install command copy files and set attributes
Syntax:
install [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
install [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
install [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
install [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Example:
$ install
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join
join command join lines of two files on a common field
Syntax:
join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Example:
$ join
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link
link command call the link function to create a link to a file
Syntax:
link FILE1 FILE2
link OPTION
Example:
$ link
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ln
ln command make links between files T] TARGET LINK_NAME t DIRECTORY TARGET…
Syntax:
ln [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME
ln [OPTION]... TARGET
ln [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY
ln [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET...
Example:
$ ln
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logname
logname command print user´s login name
Syntax:
logname [OPTION]
Example:
$ logname
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ls
ls command list directory contents
Syntax:
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ ls
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md5sum
md5sum command compute and check MD5 message digest
Syntax:
md5sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ md5sum
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md5sum.textutils
md5sum.textutils command
Syntax:
Example:
$ md5sum.textutils
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mkdir
mkdir command make directories
Syntax:
mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Example:
$ mkdir
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mkfifo
mkfifo command make FIFOs (named pipes)
Syntax:
mkfifo [OPTION]... NAME...
Example:
$ mkfifo
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mknod
mknod command make block or character special files
Syntax:
mknod [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Example:
$ mknod
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mktemp
mktemp command create a temporary file or directory
Syntax:
mktemp [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Example:
$ mktemp
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mv
mv command move (rename) files
Syntax:
mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Example:
$ mv
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nice
nice command run a program with modified scheduling priority
Syntax:
nice [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Example:
$ nice
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nl
nl command number lines of files
Syntax:
nl [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ nl
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nohup
nohup command run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non
Syntax:
nohup COMMAND [ARG]...
nohup OPTION
Example:
$ nohup
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nproc
nproc command print the number of processing units available
Syntax:
nproc [OPTION]...
Example:
$ nproc
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numfmt
numfmt command Convert numbers from/to human
Syntax:
numfmt [OPTION]... [NUMBER]...
Example:
$ numfmt
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od
od command dump files in octal and other formats
Syntax:
od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Example:
$ od
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paste
paste command merge lines of files
Syntax:
paste [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ paste
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pathchk
pathchk command check whether file names are valid or portable
Syntax:
pathchk [OPTION]... NAME...
Example:
$ pathchk
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pinky
pinky command lightweight finger
Syntax:
pinky [OPTION]... [USER]...
Example:
$ pinky
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pr
pr command convert text files for printing
Syntax:
pr [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ pr
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printenv
printenv command print all or part of environment
Syntax:
printenv [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Example:
$ printenv
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printf
printf command format and print data
Syntax:
printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
printf OPTION
Example:
$ printf
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ptx
ptx command produce a permuted index of file contents
Syntax:
ptx [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
ptx -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Example:
$ ptx
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pwd
pwd command print name of current/working directory
Syntax:
pwd [OPTION]...
Example:
$ pwd
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readlink
readlink command print resolved symbolic links or canonical file names
Syntax:
readlink [OPTION]... FILE...
Example:
$ readlink
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realpath
realpath command print the resolved path
Syntax:
realpath [OPTION]... FILE...
Example:
$ realpath
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rm
rm command remove files or directories
Syntax:
rm [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ rm
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rmdir
rmdir command remove empty directories
Syntax:
rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Example:
$ rmdir
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runcon
runcon command run command with specified security context
Syntax:
runcon CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
runcon [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Example:
$ runcon
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seq
seq command print a sequence of numbers
Syntax:
seq [OPTION]... LAST
seq [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
seq [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Example:
$ seq
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sha1sum
sha1sum command compute and check SHA1 message digest
Syntax:
sha1sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ sha1sum
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sha224sum
sha224sum command compute and check SHA224 message digest
Syntax:
sha224sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ sha224sum
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sha256sum
sha256sum command compute and check SHA256 message digest
Syntax:
sha256sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ sha256sum
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sha384sum
sha384sum command compute and check SHA384 message digest
Syntax:
sha384sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ sha384sum
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sha512sum
sha512sum command compute and check SHA512 message digest
Syntax:
sha512sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ sha512sum
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shred
shred command overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it
Syntax:
shred [OPTION]... FILE...
Example:
$ shred
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shuf
shuf command generate random permutations
Syntax:
shuf [OPTION]... [FILE]
shuf -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
shuf -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Example:
$ shuf
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sleep
sleep command delay for a specified amount of time
Syntax:
sleep NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
sleep OPTION
Example:
$ sleep
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sort
sort command sort lines of text files
Syntax:
sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Example:
$ sort
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split
split command split a file into pieces
Syntax:
split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Example:
$ split
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stat
stat command display file or file system status
Syntax:
stat [OPTION]... FILE...
Example:
$ stat
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stdbuf
stdbuf command Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Syntax:
stdbuf OPTION... COMMAND
Example:
$ stdbuf
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stty
stty command change and print terminal line settings
Syntax:
stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Example:
$ stty
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sum
sum command checksum and count the blocks in a file
Syntax:
sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ sum
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sync
sync command Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage
Syntax:
sync [OPTION] [FILE]...
Example:
$ sync
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tac
tac command concatenate and print files in reverse
Syntax:
tac [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ tac
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tail
tail command output the last part of files
Syntax:
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ tail
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tee
tee command read from standard input and write to standard output and files
Syntax:
tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ tee
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test
test command check file types and compare values
Syntax:
test EXPRESSION
test
Example:
$ test
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timeout
timeout command run a command with a time limit
Syntax:
timeout [OPTION] DURATION COMMAND [ARG]...
timeout [OPTION]
Example:
$ timeout
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touch
touch command change file timestamps
Syntax:
touch [OPTION]... FILE...
Example:
$ touch
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tr
tr command translate or delete characters
Syntax:
tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Example:
$ tr
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true
true command do nothing, successfully
Syntax:
true [ignored command line arguments]
true OPTION
Example:
$ true
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truncate
truncate command shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
Syntax:
truncate OPTION... FILE...
Example:
$ truncate
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tsort
tsort command perform topological sort
Syntax:
tsort [OPTION] [FILE]
Example:
$ tsort
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tty
tty command print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input
Syntax:
tty [OPTION]...
Example:
$ tty
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uname
uname command print system information
Syntax:
uname [OPTION]...
Example:
$ uname
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unexpand
unexpand command convert spaces to tabs
Syntax:
unexpand [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ unexpand
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uniq
uniq command report or omit repeated lines
Syntax:
uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Example:
$ uniq
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unlink
unlink command call the unlink function to remove the specified file
Syntax:
unlink FILE
unlink OPTION
Example:
$ unlink
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users
users command print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host
Syntax:
users [OPTION]... [FILE]
Example:
$ users
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vdir
vdir command list directory contents
Syntax:
vdir [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Example:
$ vdir
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wc
wc command print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
Syntax:
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Example:
$ wc
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who
who command show who is logged on
Syntax:
who [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Example:
$ who
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whoami
whoami command print effective userid
Syntax:
whoami [OPTION]...
Example:
$ whoami
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yes
yes command output a string repeatedly until killed
Syntax:
yes [STRING]...
yes OPTION
Example:
$ yes
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Util-linux
Util-linux is a diverse collection of Linux kernel utilities. It provides dmesg and includes tools for working with file systems, block devices, UUIDs, TTYs, and many other tools.
addpart
addpart command tell the kernel about the existence of a partition
Syntax:
addpart device partition start length
Example:
$ addpart
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agetty
agetty command is alternative Linux getty.
Syntax:
agetty [options] port [baud_rate...] [term]
Example:
$ agetty
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blkdiscard
blkdiscard command discard sectors on a device
Syntax:
blkdiscard [options] [-o offset] [-l length] device
Example:
$ blkdiscard
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blkid
blkid command locate/print block device attributes.
Syntax:
blkid --label label | --uuid uuid
blkid [--no-encoding --garbage-collect --list-one --cache-file file] [--output format] [--match-tag tag] [--match-token NAME=value] [device ...]
blkid --probe [--offset offset] [--output format] [--size size] [--match-tag tag] [--match-types list] [--usages list] [--no-part-details] device
blkid --info [--output format] [--match-tag tag] device ...
Example:
$ blkid
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blkzone
blkzone command run zone command on a device
Syntax:
blkzone command [options] device
Example:
$ blkzone
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blockdev
blockdev command call block device ioctls from the command line
Syntax:
blockdev [-q] [-v] command [command...] device [device...]
blockdev --report [device...]
blockdev -h|-V
Example:
$ blockdev
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chcpu
chcpu command configure CPUs
Syntax:
chcpu -c|-d|-e|-g cpu-list
chcpu -p mode
chcpu -r|-h|-V
Example:
$ chcpu
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chmem
chmem command configure memory
Syntax:
chmem [-h] [-V] [-v] [-e|-d] [SIZE|RANGE|-b BLOCKRANGE] [-z ZONE]
Example:
$ chmem
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choom
choom command display and adjust OOM
Syntax:
choom -p pid
choom -p pid -n number
choom -n number command [argument...]
Example:
$ choom
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chrt
chrt command manipulate the real
Syntax:
chrt [options] priority command [argument...]
chrt [options] -p [priority] pid
Example:
$ chrt
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ctrlaltdel
ctrlaltdel command set the function of the Ctrl
Syntax:
ctrlaltdel hard|soft
Example:
$ ctrlaltdel
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delpart
delpart command tell the kernel to forget about a partition
Syntax:
delpart device partition
Example:
$ delpart
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dmesg
dmesg command print or control the kernel ring buffer
Syntax:
dmesg [options]
dmesg --clear
dmesg --read-clear [options]
dmesg --console-level level
dmesg --console-on
dmesg --console-off
Example:
$ dmesg
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fallocate
fallocate command preallocate or deallocate space to a file
Syntax:
fallocate [-c|-p|-z] [-o offset] -l length [-n] filename
fallocate -d [-o offset] [-l length] filename
fallocate -x [-o offset] -l length filename
Example:
$ fallocate
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fdformat
fdformat command low
Syntax:
fdformat [options] device
Example:
$ fdformat
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fincore
fincore command count pages of file contents in core
Syntax:
fincore [options] file ...
Example:
$ fincore
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findfs
findfs command find a filesystem by label or UUID.
Syntax:
findfs NAME=value
Example:
$ findfs
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findmnt
findmnt command find a filesystem
Syntax:
findmnt [options]
findmnt [options] device|mountpoint
findmnt [options] [--source] device [--target|--mountpoint] mountpoint
Example:
$ findmnt
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flock
flock command manage locks from shell scripts
Syntax:
flock [options] file|directory command [arguments]
flock [options] file|directory -c command
flock [options] number
Example:
$ flock
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fsck
fsck command check and repair a Linux filesystem
Syntax:
fsck [-lsAVRTMNP] [-r [fd]] [-C [fd]] [-t fstype] [filesystem...] [--] [fs-specific-options]
Example:
$ fsck
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fsck.cramfs
fsck.cramfs command fsck compressed ROM file system
Syntax:
fsck.cramfs [options] file
Example:
$ fsck.cramfs
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fsck.minix
fsck.minix command check consistency of Minix filesystem
Syntax:
fsck.minix [options] device
Example:
$ fsck.minix
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fsfreeze
fsfreeze command suspend access to a filesystem (Ext3/4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS)
Syntax:
fsfreeze --freeze|--unfreeze mountpoint
Example:
$ fsfreeze
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fstrim
fstrim command discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
Syntax:
fstrim [-Aa] [-o offset] [-l length] [-m minimum-size] [-v] mountpoint
Example:
$ fstrim
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getopt
getopt command parse command options (enhanced)
Syntax:
getopt optstring parameters
getopt [options] [--] optstring parameters
getopt [options] -o|--options optstring [options] [--] parameters
Example:
$ getopt
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getty
getty command alias of agetty command.
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hwclock
hwclock command time clocks utility
Syntax:
hwclock [function] [option...]
Example:
$ hwclock
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i386
i386 command is and alias of setarch command
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ionice
ionice command set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority
Syntax:
ionice [-c class] [-n level] [-t] -p PID...
ionice [-c class] [-n level] [-t] -P PGID...
ionice [-c class] [-n level] [-t] -u UID...
ionice [-c class] [-n level] [-t] command [argument...]
Example:
$ ionice
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ipcmk
ipcmk command make various IPC resources
Syntax:
ipcmk [options]
Example:
$ ipcmk
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ipcrm
ipcrm command remove certain IPC resources
Syntax:
ipcrm [options]
ipcrm {shm|msg|sem} id...
Example:
$ ipcrm
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ipcs
ipcs command show information on IPC facilities
Syntax:
ipcs [options]
Example:
$ ipcs
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isosize
isosize command output the length of an iso9660 filesystem
Syntax:
isosize [options] iso9660_image_file
Example:
$ isosize
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last
last command show a listing of last logged in users
Syntax:
last [options] [username...] [tty...]
lastb [options] [username...] [tty...]
Example:
$ last
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lastb
lastb command is an alias of last command.
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ldattach
ldattach command attach a line discipline to a serial line
Syntax:
ldattach [-1278denoVh] [-i iflag] [-s speed] ldisc device
Example:
$ ldattach
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linux32
linux32 command is an alias of setarch command
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linux64
linux64 command is an alias of setarch.
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lsblk
lsblk command list block devices.
Syntax:
lsblk [options] [device...]
Example:
$ lsblk
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lscpu
lscpu command display information about the CPU architecture.
Syntax:
lscpu [options]
Example:
$ lscpu
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lsipc
lsipc command show information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system.
Syntax:
lsipc [options]
Example:
$ lsipc
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lslocks
lslocks command list local system locks
Syntax:
lslocks [options]
Example:
$ lslocks
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lslogins
lslogins command display information about known users in the system.
Syntax:
lslogins [options] [-s|-u[=UID]] [-g groups] [-l logins] [username]
Example:
$ lslogins
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lsmem
lsmem command list the ranges of available memory with their online status
Syntax:
lsmem [options]
Example:
$ lsmem
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lsns
lsns command list namespaces
Syntax:
lsns [options] [namespace]
Example:
$ lsns
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mcookie
mcookie command generate magic cookies for xauth
Syntax:
mcookie [options]
Example:
$ mcookie
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mesg
mesg command display (or do not display) messages from other users
Syntax:
mesg [option] [n|y]
Example:
$ mesg
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mkfs
mkfs command build a Linux filesystem
Syntax:
mkfs [options] [-t type] [fs-options] device [size]
Example:
$ mkfs
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mkfs.bfs
mkfs.bfs command make an SCO bfs filesystem
Syntax:
mkfs.bfs [options] device [block-count]
Example:
$ mkfs.bfs
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mkfs.cramfs
mkfs.cramfs command make compressed ROM file system
Syntax:
mkfs.cramfs [options] directory file
Example:
$ mkfs.cramfs
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mkfs.minix
mkfs.minix command make a Minix filesystem
Syntax:
mkfs.minix [options] device [size-in-blocks]
Example:
$ mkfs.minix
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mkswap
mkswap command set up a Linux swap area
Syntax:
mkswap [options] device [size]
Example:
$ mkswap
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more
more command file perusal filter for crt viewing
Syntax:
more [options] file...
Example:
$ more
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mountpoint
mountpoint command see if a directory or file is a mountpoint
Syntax:
mountpoint [-d|-q] directory | file
mountpoint -x device
Example:
$ mountpoint
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namei
namei command follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
Syntax:
namei [options] pathname...
Example:
$ namei
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nsenter
nsenter command run program with namespaces of other processes
Syntax:
nsenter [options] [program [arguments]]
Example:
$ nsenter
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partx
partx command tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on
Syntax:
partx [-a|-d|-P|-r|-s|-u] [-t type] [-n M:N] [-] disk
partx [-a|-d|-P|-r|-s|-u] [-t type] partition [disk]
Example:
$ partx
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pivot_root
pivot_root command change the root filesystem
Syntax:
pivot_root new_root put_old
Example:
$ pivot_root
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prlimit
prlimit command get and set process resource limits
Syntax:
prlimit [options] [--resource[=limits] [--pid PID]
prlimit [options] [--resource[=limits] command [argument...]
Example:
$ prlimit
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raw
raw command bind a Linux raw character device
Syntax:
raw /dev/raw/raw<n> <major> <minor>
raw /dev/raw/raw<n> /dev/<blockdev>
raw -q /dev/raw/raw<n>
raw -qa
</n></blockdev></n></minor></major></n>
Example:
$ raw
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readprofile
readprofile command read kernel profiling information
Syntax:
readprofile [options]
Example:
$ readprofile
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rename.ul
rename.ul command
Syntax:
Example:
$ rename.ul
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resizepart
resizepart command tell the kernel about the new size of a partition
Syntax:
resizepart device partition length
Example:
$ resizepart
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rev
rev command reverse lines characterwise
Syntax:
rev [option] [file...]
Example:
$ rev
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rtcwake
rtcwake command enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
Syntax:
rtcwake [options] [-d device] [-m standby_mode] {-s seconds|-t time_t}
Example:
$ rtcwake
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runuser
runuser command run a command with substitute user and group ID.
Syntax:
runuser [options] -u user [[--] command [argument...]]
runuser [options] [-] [user [argument...]]
Example:
$ runuser
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setarch
setarch command change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags.
Syntax:
setarch [arch] [options] [program [argument...]]
setarch --list|-h|-V
Example:
$ setarch
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setpriv
setpriv command run a program with different Linux privilege settings.
Syntax:
setpriv [options] program [arguments]
Example:
$ setpriv
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setsid
setsid command run a program in a new session
Syntax:
setsid [options] program [arguments]
Example:
$ setsid
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setterm
setterm command set terminal attributes
Syntax:
setterm [options]
Example:
$ setterm
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su
su command run a command with substitute user and group ID.
Syntax:
su [options] [-] [user [argument...]]
Example:
$ su
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sulogin
sulogin command single
Syntax:
sulogin [options] [tty]
Example:
$ sulogin
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swaplabel
swaplabel command print or change the label or UUID of a swap area
Syntax:
swaplabel [-L label] [-U UUID] device
Example:
$ swaplabel
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switch_root
switch_root command switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree
Syntax:
switch_root [-hV]
switch_root newroot init [arg...]
Example:
$ switch_root
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taskset
taskset command set or retrieve a process’s CPU affinity
Syntax:
taskset [options] mask command [argument...]
taskset [options] -p [mask] pid
Example:
$ taskset
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unshare
unshare command run program with some namespaces unshared from parent
Syntax:
unshare [options] [program [arguments]]
Example:
$ unshare
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utmpdump
utmpdump command dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format
Syntax:
utmpdump [options] [filename]
Example:
$ utmpdump
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wdctl
wdctl command show hardware watchdog status
Syntax:
wdctl [options] [device...]
Example:
$ wdctl
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whereis
whereis command locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
Syntax:
whereis [options] [-BMS directory... -f] name...
Example:
$ whereis
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wipefs
wipefs command wipe a signature from a device
Syntax:
wipefs [options] device...
wipefs [--backup] -o offset device...
wipefs [--backup] -a device...
Example:
$ wipefs
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x86_64
x86_64 command is an alias of setarch command.
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zramctl
zramctl command set up and control zram devices
Syntax:
zramctl [options]
zramctl -r zramdev...
zramctl -f
zramctl [-f | zramdev] [-s size] [-t number] [-a algorithm]
Example:
$ zramctl
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